Minimizr

Minimal Web Services with XFire, Spring and PHP

Leave a Comment / Java, PHP, Spring, Web Services, XFire / By kristian

If you have a Java web application implemented with Java 5 and Spring Framework, it is really easy to expose your POJOs as web services. In this example I use XFire and JSR 181 annotations for that. I’ll also make a small web service client example with PHP. The goal is to add web services to the existing Java code with absolute minimal code addition. I was about to add web service authentication with Acegi Security, but instead for now, there is no authentication in this example.

XFire has a quite versatile but scarce user’s guide. But it is a good start, so start with overview and quick start. Add XFire libraries and the depencies with the help of a Depency quide. This example works at least with the following libraries:

xfire-all-1.2.2
activation-1.1
commons-codec-1.3
commons-httpclient-3.0
commons.logging-1.0.4
mail-1.4
jaxen-1.1-beta-9
jdom-1.0

junit-3.8.1
servlet-api-2.3
spring-2.0
stax-api-1.0.1
wsdl4j-1.5.2
xbean-spring-2.5
wstx-3.0.1
XmlSchema-1.1

xfire-jsr181-api-1.0-M1
jaxb-xjc-2.0.1
jaxb-impl-2.0.1
jaxb-api-2.0
aopalliance-1.0
commons-beanutils-1.7.0

XFire 1.2.2 package comes with xbean-spring-2.6. There can be some problems with that version but at least version 2.5 is working with Spring 2.0.

First, add xfire-servlet.xml into WEB-INF directory. Here are the default settings from the user’s manual:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
    "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
  <import resource="classpath:org/codehaus/xfire/spring/xfire.xml"/>
    <bean id="jaxbTypeMappingRegistry"
        class="org.codehaus.xfire.jaxb2.JaxbTypeRegistry"
        init-method="createDefaultMappings" singleton="true"/>
    <bean id="webAnnotations"
        class="org.codehaus.xfire.annotations.jsr181.Jsr181WebAnnotations"/>
    <bean id="handlerMapping"
        class="org.codehaus.xfire.spring.remoting.Jsr181HandlerMapping">
      <property name="typeMappingRegistry">
        <ref bean="jaxbTypeMappingRegistry"/>
      </property>
      <property name="xfire">
        <ref bean="xfire"/>
      </property>
      <property name="webAnnotations">
        <ref bean="webAnnotations"/>
      </property>
    </bean>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
      <property name="urlMap">
        <map>
          <entry key="/">
            <ref bean="handlerMapping"/>
          </entry>
        </map>
      </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

Add xfire-servlet.xml into the Spring’s contextConfigLocation and XFireServlet in web.xml file:

<context-param>
  <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  <param-value>
    /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml
    /WEB-INF/xfire-servlet.xml
  </param-value>
</context-param>
 
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>XFireServlet</servlet-name>
  <display-name>XFire Servlet</display-name>
  <servlet-class>org.codehaus.xfire.spring.XFireSpringServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
 
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>XFireServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/servlet/XFireServlet/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
 
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>XFireServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/services/v1/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

Let’s have a simply MinimizrFacade.java Java interface:

package com.minimizr.service;
 
import java.util.List;
import com.minimizr.service.domain.ExampleObject;
 
public interface MinimizrFacade {
  String getString();
  String echoString(String string);
  ExampleObject echoObject(ExampleObject exampleObject);
  List<exampleObject> loadExampleObjectList();
}

And let’s have another MinimizrService.java Java interface for web services:

package com.minimizr.service;
 
import java.util.List;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import com.minimizr.service.domain.ExampleObject;
 
@WebService
public interface MinimizrService {
  String getString();
  String echoString(String string);
  ExampleObject echoObject(ExampleObject exampleObject);
  List<exampleObject> loadExampleObjectList();
}

And for this example a ExampleObject.java Java object:

package com.minimizr.service;
 
public class ExampleObject {
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
 
  public Integer getAge() {
    return age;
  }
 
  public void setAge(Integer age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
 
  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }
 
  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
}

And finally a MinimizrImpl.java Java implementation for the interfaces:

package com.minimizr.domain.logic;
 
import java.util.List;
import javax.jws.WebService;
import com.minimizr.service.ExampleObject;
import com.minimizr.service.MinimizrService;
 
@WebService(serviceName = "MinimizrService",
    endpointInterface = "com.minimizr.service.MinimizrService")
public class MinimizrImpl implements MinimizrFacade, MinimizrService {
  public String getString() {
    return "Example string";
  }
 
  public String echoString(String string) {
    return string;
  }
 
  public ExampleObject echoObject(ExampleObject exampleObject) {
    return exampleObject;
  }
 
  public List loadExampleObjectList() {
    /* Here you would get list of ExampleObjects for example from database
    and return it instead of null */
    return null;
  }
}

XFire does not support RPC-encoding but you can use XFire web services with PHP with document/literal style of SOAP.

Here is a really simple example to use all the exposed java web services in this example with NuSOAP PHP SOAP library. There are no checks for errors in the code:

<?php
require("../lib/nusoap.php");
$soapClient = new soapclient(
    "https://minimizr.com/ws/services/v1/MinimizrService?wsdl", "wsdl");
$proxyClass = $soapClient->getProxy();
 
// getString
$string = $proxyClass->getString();
print("<b>String:</b> " . $string["out"] . "<hr/>");
 
// echoString
$string = $proxyClass->echoString(array("in0" => "ABC"));
print("<b>String:</b> " . $string["out"] . "<hr/>");
 
// echoObject
$requestObject = array("name" => "John", "age" => 50);
$result = $proxyClass->echoObject(array("in0" => $requestObject));
$resultObject = $result["out"];
print("<b>Object:</b> name: " . $resultObject["name"]);
print(", age: " . $resultObject["age"] . "<hr/>");
 
// loadExampleObjectList
$exampleObjectList = $proxyClass->loadExampleObjectList();
foreach ($exampleObjectList["out"]["ExampleObject"] as $key => $value) {
  print($value["name"] . " " . $value["age"] . "<br/>");
}
?>

Authentication

Added November 14, 2006: Well, easiest and most straightforward way to secure web service is to use HTTP Authentication. It doesn’t need any additional code in the server side. While still looking for solution to use easily Acegi Security, I’ll add HTTP Authentication to this example. On the server side you’ll have to add security constraint into web.xml:

<security-constraint>
  <web-resource-collection>
    <web-resource-name>Protected Minimizr Web Services</web-resource-name>
    <url-pattern>/services/v1/*</url-pattern>
  </web-resource-collection>
  <auth-constraint>
    <role-name>minimizr.webservices.client</role-name>
  </auth-constraint>
</security-constraint>
 
<login-config>
  <auth-method>BASIC</auth-method>
  <realm-name>Minimizr Realm</realm-name>
</login-config>
 
<security-role>
  <description>Required roles to use the Web Services</description>
  <role-name>minimizr.webservices.client</role-name>
</security-role>

And couple more lines into the PHP file. Credentials must be added into the wsdl url and proxy class. Notice that it is quite necessary to use SSL connection (https) with basic authentication since username and password are in clear text. You can use useHTTPPersistentConnection method to use persistent connection, if possible:

<?php
require("../lib/nusoap.php");
 
$username = "username";
$password = "password";
$method = "basic";
 
$soapClient = new soapclient(
  "https://$username:$password@www.minimizr.com/ws/services/v1/MinimizrService?wsdl",
  "wsdl");
$proxyClass = $soapClient->getProxy();
$proxyClass->setCredentials($username, $password, $method);
$proxyClass->useHTTPPersistentConnection();
...

Conclusion

It is no brainer to expose Java POJOs as web services with Spring, XFire and JSR-181 annotations. And it is as easy use those web services with Java or PHP or other platforms. I guess integrating Acegi Security with XFire web services needs a little bit more work. Any suggestions for the easiest way to implement it?

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Minimal Web Services with XFire, Spring and PHP Read More »

How to use Unicode, JDBC and Solid Database

Leave a Comment / Database, Java / By kristian

It is not always so straightforward to use Unicode throughout your application layers. Let’s say that your Java application’s default character encoding for file I/O operations, JDBC requests and so on is Unicode. In other words you start you Java application on command line for example with: java -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 If your Solid Database’s string types are not defined as Unicode, there is a little problem.

In the Java JDBC API tutorial it says:

JDBC driver implementations are expected to automatically convert the Java programming language unicode encoding of strings and characters to and from the character encoding of the database being accessed.

So, basically JDBC driver should do the conversion between application’s and database’s character encoding. But in the Solid Programmers Guide it says:

To convert Java applications to support Unicode, the string columns in the database engine need to be redefined with Unicode data types.

Actually Solid’s JDBC driver won’t even return strings in the same character encoding as they are defined in the database, but it mixes all “special characters” wrong. There aren’t any proprietary parameters you could use on the JDBC connection string to choose the character encoding. So, only working solution is to somehow convert strings in a Solid database in the SQL queries before the JDBC driver returns them. Luckily Solid’s SQL implements CAST function. You can for example cast VARCHAR to WVARCHAR which is Unicode variable-length character string. Here is an example: SELECT CAST(name AS WVARCHAR) name FROM... And it works like a charm.

How to use Unicode, JDBC and Solid Database Read More »

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